Rural Tourism
Since 1993, I've engaged in rural tourism research, starting with three studies done for the NC Historic Sites, Aquariums, and Visitor Centers. I had no idea at that time how much I would grow to love the rural areas of our state. While I haven't engaged in much formal research in rural tourism in a while, I've listed below some of the key topics I've addressed namely rural entrepreneurship, various niche products and markets, and sustainable food systems.
Agritourism, Food Systems, & Craft Beverages
Arroyo, C. G., Barbieri, C., Knollenberg, W., & Kline, C. (2023). Can craft beverages shape a destination’s image? A cognitive intervention to measure pisco-related resources on conative image. Tourism Management, 95..
Knollenberg, W., Duffy, L. N., Kline, C., & Kim, G. (2021). Creating competitive advantage for food tourism destinations through food and beverage experiences. Tourism Planning & Development, 18(4), 379-397.
Lapan, C., Greenwood, J., & Kline, C. (2020). Eating Sustainably: Protein Consumption at Home, at Restaurants, and While Traveling. Journal of Gastronomy and Tourism, 4(4), 193-208.
Kline, C., Lee, S. J., & Knollenberg, W. (2018). Segmenting foodies for a foodie destination. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 35(9), 1234–1245.
Slocum, Susan L., Knollenberg, W., Kline, C. (2018). Demand for Specialty Food Initiatives: Considerations for Meeting Planning and Destination Management. Journal of Gastronomy and Tourism (3) 17–30.
Slocum, S., Knollenberg, W., & Kline. C. (2018). Demand for sustainable food initiatives at meetings: Considerations for destination management. Gastronomy & Tourism 3(1).
Joyner, L., Kline, C., Oliver, J., & Kariko, D. (2018). Exploring emotional response to images used in agritourism destination marketing. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 9, 44–55.
Kline, C., *Joyner, J., Kirchoff, J., Crawford, A., Jilcott Pitts, S., Wall-Bassett, B., Gurganus, C., & Dunning, R. (2016). Gaps and Barriers along the North Carolina Farm-Food Value Chain. British Food Journal, 118(2), 301-317.
Kline, C., Barbieri, C., & *LaPan, C. (2016). The influence of agritourism on niche meats loyalty and purchasing. Journal of Travel Research, 55(5), 643-658.
Ainley, S. & Kline, C. (2014). Moving beyond positivism: Reflexive collaboration in understanding agritourism across North American boundaries. Current Issues in Tourism, 16, 1-10.
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Rural Resilience
Kline, C., Duffy, L., Fogle, E., and Clark, D. (2022). Crossover Paths for Peri-urban Markets in Tourism Planning & Development: Mobility Motivations, Career Stage, Life Stage, & Desired Characteristics. Tourism & Hospitality.
McGehee, N. G., Kline, C., & Knollenberg, W. (2014). Social movements and tourism-related local action. Annals of Tourism Research, 48, 140-155.
Slocum, S., & Kline, C. (2014). Regional resilience: opportunities, challenges and policy messages from Western North Carolina. Anatolia, 25(3), 403-416.
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Tourism Entrepreneurship
Kline, C., Duffy, L., & Clark, D. (2020). Fostering tourism and entrepreneurship in fringe communities: Unpacking stakeholder perceptions towards entrepreneurial climate. Tourism & Hospitality Research, 20(1), 3–17.
Mottiar, Z., Boluk, K., & Kline, C. (2018). The roles of social entrepreneurs in rural destination development. Annals of Tourism Research, 68, 77–88.
Boluk, K., Kline, C., & *Stroobach, A. (2017). Exploring the expectations and satisfaction derived from volunteer tourism experiences. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 17(3), 272–285.
Kline, C. & Milburn, L.A. (2010). Ten categories of entrepreneurial climate to encourage rural tourism development. Annals of Leisure Research, 13(1/2): 320-348.
Kline, C., Shah, N., & *Rubright, H. (2014). Applying the Positive Theory of Social Entrepreneurship to understand food entrepreneurs and their operations. Tourism Planning & Development, 11(3), 330-342.
Kline, C., Hao, H., Alderman, D., Kleckley, J. & *Gray, S. (2014). A spatial analysis of tourism, entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial ecosystems in North Carolina, U.S.A. Tourism Planning & Development, 11(3), 305-316.
Kline, C., McGehee, N., **Paterson, S. & *Tsao, J. (2012). Using Ecological Systems Theory and Density of Acquaintance to explore resident perception of entrepreneurial climate. Journal of Travel Research. 52(3): 294-309.
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Rural Community Capitals
Kline, C., McGehee, N., & Delconte, J. (n.d.). Built Capital as a Catalyst for Community-Based Tourism. Journal of Travel Research, 58(6), 899–915.
Kline, C. (2017). Applying the community capitals framework to the craft heritage trails of western North Carolina, Journal of Heritage Tourism, 12:5, 489-508,
Delconte, J., Kline, C., & Scavo, C. (2016). The impacts of local arts agencies on community placemaking and heritage tourism, Journal of Heritage Tourism, 11:4, 324-335.
Slocum, S., & Kline, C. (2014). Regional resilience: opportunities, challenges and policy messages from Western North Carolina. Anatolia, 25(3), 403-416.
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Tourism Markets
Hoggard, W., Avenarius, C., Kline, C. & Ward, W. (2018). Diversifying eastern North Carolina heritage sites: tour guides’ perspectives, Journal of Heritage Tourism, 13:1, 62-76, https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2016.1253701
*Merritt, R., Kline, C., Crawford, A., Viren, P., & Dilworth, G. (2018). Vacation Activity Preferences: An Examination of Generational Differences across Psychographic Categories Employing Plog’s Model. Journal of Park & Recreation Administration, 36(4), 55–71. https://doi.org/10.18666/JPRA-2018-V36-I4-8891
Merritt, R., Kline, C., Crawford, A., Schneider, P., & Dilworth, G. (2016). An exploration of recreational activities while travelling relative to psychographic tendencies, Tourism Recreation Research, 41:3, 302-313, https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2016.1199123
Hao, H., Kline, C., Long, P., & Rassel, G. (2018). Property owners’ attitudes toward sustainable tourism: Comparing coastal and mountain counties. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 18(4), 429–441. https://doi.org/10.1177/1467358416667776
Benjamin, S., Kline, C., Alderman, D., & Hoggard, W. (2016). Heritage Site Visitation and Attitudes toward African American Heritage Preservation: An Investigation of North Carolina Residents. Journal of Travel Research, 55(7), 919–933. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287515605931
Rubright, H., Kline, C., Viren, P., Naar, A., & Oliver, J. (2016). Attraction sustainability in North Carolina and its impact on decision-making. Tourism Management Perspectives, 19, 1-10. doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2016.04.002
Kline, C., Cardenas, D., Schneider, P. & Swanson, J. (2015). Using a community tourism development model to explore equestrian trail tourism potential in Virginia. Journal of Destination Management & Marketing 4(2), 79-87.
Kline. C., Greenwood, J., Swanson, J., & Cardenas, D. (2014). Paddler market segments: Expanding Experience Use History Segmentation. Journal of Destination Management & Marketing, 2, 228–240.
Beedle, J., Kline, C., Cardenas, D., Byrd, E. & Schneider, P. (2013). Attitudes towards women-owned tourism businesses. Journal of Tourism & Cultural Change, 11(3), 170-186.
Lee, S. Kline, C., & Lee, G. (2013). Perceptions toward non-tourism development in a tourist destination: a naval base on Jeju Island, Korea. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research. DOI: 10.1080/10941665.2013.806937.
Kline, C., Cardenas, D., Duffy, L. & Swanson, J. (2011). Funding sustainable paddle trail development: paddler perspectives, willingness to pay and management implications. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20(2), 235-256.
Kask, S., Kline, C., & Lamoureux, K. (2011). Modeling tourist and community decision-making: the S.A.V.E. market. Annals of Tourism Research, 38, 1387-1409.
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International Destinations
Duffy, L. N., Stone, G., Charles Chancellor, H., & Kline, C. S. (2016). Tourism development in the Dominican Republic: An examination of the economic impact to coastal households. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 16(1), 35–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/1467358415613118
Duffy, L. N., Kline, C., Mowatt, R.A., & Chancellor, H.C. (2015). Women in tourism: Shifting gender ideology? Annals of Tourism Research, 52, 72-86.
Kline, C. & Slocum, S. (2015). Neoliberalism in Ecotourism? The new development paradigm of multinational projects in Africa. Journal of Ecotourism, 14(2-3), 99-112.
Boone, K., Kline, C., *Johnson, L., Milburn, L.A., & Rieder, K. (2012). Development of visitor identity through Study Abroad in Ghana. Tourism Geographies, 15(3), 470-493.
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Cuban Focus
Knollenberg, W., Kline, C., Jordan, E., & Boley, B. B. (2020). Will US travelers be good guests to Cuba? Examining US traveler segments' sustainable behavior and interest in visiting Cuba. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 18, 100505.
Duffy, L. & Kline, C. (2018) Complexities of Tourism Planning and Development in Cuba. Tourism Planning & Development, 15:3, 211-215.
Moran, C., Boley, B. B., Woosnam, K. M., Jordan, E. J., Kline, C., & Knollenberg, W. (n.d.). The battle of the socials: Which socially symbolic factors best predict intent to travel? [Research Note]. Tourism Management, 68, 324–327. https://doi-org.proxy006.nclive.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.03.023
Boley, B. B., Jordan, E. J., Kline, C., & Knollenberg, W. (2018). Social return and intent to travel. Tourism Management, 64, 119–128. https://doi-org.proxy006.nclive.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.08.008
Jordan, E. J., Boley, B. B., Knollenberg, W., & Kline, C. (n.d.). Predictors of Intention to Travel to Cuba across Three Time Horizons: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior. Journal of Travel Research, 57(7), 981–993. https://doi-org.proxy006.nclive.org/10.1177/0047287517721370
Duffy, L.N., Kline, C., Swanson, J. R., Best, M., & McKinnon, H. (2017) Community development through agroecotourism in Cuba: an application of the community capitals framework, Journal of Ecotourism, 16:3, 203-221, DOI: 10.1080/14724049.2016.1218498.
*Hingtgen, N., Kline, C., Fernandes, L., & McGehee, N. G. (2015). Cuba in transition: Tourism industry perceptions of entrepreneurial change. Tourism Management, 50, 184-193.
Green, E., Kline, C., Hao, H., & Crawford, A. (2015). Tourist Behavior Among Foodie Activity Dimensions. Journal of Gastronomy and Tourism, 1(1), 33-44.
Murray, A., & Kline, C. (2015). Rural tourism and the craft beer experience: factors influencing brand loyalty in rural North Carolina, USA. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(8-9), 1198-1216.